Outlook to 2035 for materials (primarily metals) using three energy transition scenarios and three supply scenarios across five sectors (primarily mining).

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Contents

1. State of the industry
2. Availability and growth
3. Productivity and affordability
4. Sustainability
5. The way forward

Energy transition scenarios

From McKinsey’s Global Energy Perspective 2025:

1. Slow evolution.
2. Continued momentum.
3. Sustainable transformation.

A 1.5°C pathway trajectory is also used for reference.

Supply scenarios

1. Base case: in operation, certain and probable projects.
2. High case: Base + possible projects.
3. Full pipeline: High + unlikely and unrealistic/in exploration projects.

Sectors

1. Mining.
2. Manufacturing.
3. Infrastructure.
4. Consumer markets.
5. Finance.